The Dugin International
Using open-source data to map the Kremlin's agents of influence within the global New Right
In the previous post, we did a brief biographical study of two of Alexander Duginβs closest confidants within the Russian wing of the international Eurasian Movement: Leonid Savin and Valeriy Korovin. By examining their role in cultivating ties with Russia-friendly power brokers worldwide, we saw how Duginism has been spread globally by way of conferences, symposia, think tanks, and book tours. In this post we examine non-Russian entities and individuals that together make up what may be termed the βDugin International.β As we will see, the bulk of these can be characterized as belonging to the intellectual/political current known as the βNew Right.β
Introduction
In late 2014, three months after he and Konstantin Malofeyev organized a closed-door meeting in Vienna for the leading lights of the European far-right, Alexander Dugin composed an analysis of this rising strain of European political extremism. In it, Dugin analyzed its various camps in terms of their ideological orientation, attitudes towards the United States and Russia, and their prospects for political gains in the near future. The clear upshot of his analysis was that the camp most favorable to Russia and hostile to the United States was the New Right. Suffice it here to say that the Russia-friendly New Right holds liberalism in utter contempt and perceives it to be a Trojan horse for American hegemony worldwide. (For a brief overview of the key ideological tenets of the New Right, please revisit the previous post, From Eurasia with Hate.)
Judging by the digital evidence that we are about to review, it would seem that this analysis has served as a blueprint for Duginβs attempts to establish an ideological foothold within Western Europe as well as far-off lands in Latin America. This must be caveated by the observation that in its self-conception as a βFourth Political Theoryββi.e., one that transcends the traditional 20th century political-ideological trichotomy of fascism, communism, and liberalismβDuginism seems to be an ideology uniquely well-suited to the achievement of the Kremlinβs political objective of forging coalitions in Western countries between both extremes of the ideological spectrum.
After some points on methodology and context, we will examine some of the key nodes of influence within the Dugin International using open-source data, mapping out the online ecosystems that they comprise and inhabit.
Network Overview and Preliminary Observations
This analysis focuses heavily on Telegram data, as this platform figures prominently among the online media used by the Dugin International. For the purposes of this post, it made sense to start by examining Dugin_Aleksandr, a Telegram channel that serves as the central online node of international Duginism. The first and most significant foothold into this network was provided by this post (screenshots below), which invites readers to join the Telegram channels of a number of friendly individuals and organizations. This post has been forwarded by many of these entities, which serves to further confirm their ideological proximity to and affinity for Dugin. Besides various Geopolitika channels that differ by language as well as the channels of the Eurasian Youth Union, Katehon, and sundry far-right publishers, these entities/individuals include those listed in the below images.
With this information as a starting point, this investigation proceeded by way of a forwards scrape of all of these channels. The resulting network map provides us with a fuller view of the Duginist footprint on Telegram, revealing not only many other channels, but also the sub-communities that they occupy. We can see, for example, that while Dugin_Aleksandr occupies a central position within this overall network, sub-communities center around novaresistenciabrasil, YoussefHindi, alexandermarkovics, and steuckers. We will examine some of these further on in this post.
Owing to Dugin_Aleksandrβs central position in the network, it makes sense to analyze links found within the channel as an additional means of enumerating the Duginist footprint on social media and the wider internet. This would also provide us with additional information allowing us to assess the relative importance of nodes within this network. In the charts below we can see further confirmation of the prominent positions occupied by Nova ResistΓͺncia and Idee e Azione. Although the channel is not a profilic forwarder, it is of passing interest that CompactMagazinβthe TG channel for the German far-right publication of the same nameβis among its most forwarded channels. According to a recent investigation by the Washington Post into Russian attempts to forge an βanti-warβ coalition between the political extremes in Germany, German officials have characterized it as a Russian propaganda outlet.
At the time that this research was conducted, all of the core Telegram channels of the Dugintern were abuzz with posts promoting the Global Conference on Multipolarity. This conference, held on April 29, 2023, brought together pro-Russian intellectuals from around the world to formulate ideological principles regarding the rise of βmultipolarityβ (i.e., institutionalized respect for the right of powerful states to forge βgreat spacesβ through the domination of their weaker neighbors). This event was a whoβs who of Duginist ideologues, and it would seem that there was scarcely a Duginist intellectual of note who did not participate in it (the list of speakers can be found here). From a network-mapping perspective this event was useful as it served not only to confirm the prominent positions occupied by individuals already known to be part of the networkβincluding Alexander Markovics and Lorenzo Paciniβbut also to reveal other Duginist influencers, including Dragana Trifkovic (more on these individuals to follow).
There are additional points to note about this conference. One is the fact that it brought together not only avowed Duginists, but also high-ranking Russian officials. Among the Russian officials who participated in the conference were Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, Russian MFA spokeswoman Maria Zakharova, and Sergei Glazyev, a Putin confidant who currently heads the Eurasian Economic Commission. βEntrepreneur of influenceβ and Russian telecoms magnate Malofeyev also made an appearance, in which he partook in the time-honored Russian tradition of prognosticating the imminent demise of a moribund and decadent West.
The second additional point to note are the organizers of the conference, which included Nova ResistΓͺncia and the International Movement of Russophiles. The latter is of particular interest owing to its recent founding and the attendance of high-profile figures as keynote speakers at its inaugural congress in Moscow on March 14, 2023. Interestingly, these speakers also included Sergei Lavrov, Alexander Dugin, and oligarch Konstantin Malofeyev. No less than Vladimir Putin himself sent a congratulatory message to the IMR for this event, in which he welcomed its βfirm determination to oppose the Russophobic campaignβ and βdesire to develop dialogue and mutually beneficial humanitarian cooperation.β
The driving forceβor at least the figureheadβof the IMR is Bulgarian politician and pro-Russian agent of influence Nikolay Malinov. Malinov has a history of boosting Russia and denigrating his countryβs membership in the EU and NATO and is currently facing espionage charges for allegedly passing Bulgarian state secrets to Russia. Prior to his current stint as Chairman of the IMR, Malinov spread Russian influence through the Russophiles National Movement, which he founded in 2003. In his new role, Malinovβs task would appear to be gathering an eclectic band of Western conspiracy theorists under the banner of Russophilia in a bid to further Russiaβs influence objectives abroad.
It is notable that so shortly after its founding the IMR played a key role in organizing an outward-facing conference bringing together international Duginists and high-ranking Russian officials. It is also noteworthy that it did this in collaboration with Nova ResistΓͺncia, a prominent Brazilian node within the Dugintern. The fact that its inaugural congress was attended by Lavrov and Zakharova and was given the official imprimatur of Putin demonstrate that the IMR is an initiative that enjoys a high degree of visibility vis-Γ -vis the Kremlin. Taken together, these observations constitute strong evidence that the Kremlin attaches great importance to the international ideological coalition that has coalesced around Dugin and values the role of the IMR in furthering its development. Though it is fair to suspect that the Kremlin has made a decision to leverage this global far-right network in an effort to combat the isolation that it has faced as a consequence of its ongoing war in Ukraine, it should be noted that such activities have long pre-dated Russiaβs full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022.
In what remains of this post weβll profile some of the most prominent nodes of the Dugintern. Along the way, weβll take note of any evidence of connections to the Russian government, particular actions taken to further its geopolitical ambitions, and shared ideological themes.
Key Nodes
Nova ResistΓͺncia
In From Eurasia with Hate we turned our attention to the curious presence of novaresistencia.org in the cluster of Duginist websites surrounding IP address 93.88.76.39. We noted that while this is strongly suggestive of a back-end affiliation between the site and other Duginist sites, the site for Nova ResistΓͺncia makes no mention of any such tie. What we did not know at the time is the prominence that NR enjoys within the Dugin International. Both its role in co-organizing the Global Conference and Multipolarity and its being among the most highly amplified Telegram channels by the core Dugin_Aleksandr channel amply demonstrate this prominence.
NR Brasil is notable among the organizations reviewed in this post as it seems to best embody Fourth Political Theoryβs ostensible commitment to transcending traditional left-right ideological dichotomies. Its manifesto combines traditionally far-left objectives such as combating Western hegemony and nationalized industry with traditionally far-right objectives including ethno-pluralism and the use of the state to enforce national identity. Its fields of activity are highly diverse and include intellectual events, activist organizing, street demonstrations, and charitable engagement. In 2019, for example, it participated in an βanti-imperialistβ conference in Luhansk. In attendance were LPR officials and pro-Russian fellow travelers from different extremes of the political spectrum including German AfD politician Gunnar Norbert Lindemann (see the section on the Suworow Institute for more on Lindemann).
Its activities additionally include efforts that plainly cross the threshold separating the meta-political and the overtly political. By NR president Raphael Machadoβs own admission, in May 2022 some 20 members of NR were openly affiliated with the Democratic Labour Party of Brazil (PDT). At least some of these have reportedly occupied positions within the political party. Not mincing words, earlier that year the NR cell in the Brazilian state of Pernambuco openly stated on Twitter that βit is time for the true national populists to take over the party.β Since early 2022βwhen reports on NRβs infiltration of the PDT were published in the Brazilian pressβPDT leadership has committed itself to expelling NR-affiliated party members as part of its ban on βdual-militancyβ within the party.
Two of the founding figures of NR are Lucas Leiroz and Raphael Machado. Of the two, it would seem that Leiroz enjoys a much higher international profile as he is not only a contributor to Sputnik Radio but was also invited by the Russian Mission in Geneva to address the UN Human Rights Council in March 2023 on the alleged use of chemical weapons against Russians in the Donbas. Though he touts his bona fides as an βindependent journalist,β his LinkedIn profile lists CGTN and InfoBRICS as employers, in addition to his work as a commentator at Sputnik. We should note that publicly available whois data provides evidence of an IP address linkage (176.74.219.195) between infobrics.org and inforos.ru, which the United States has tied to GRU Unit 54777.
Additionally, Leiroz lists Global Research as an employer, which is a Canadian pro-Russian propaganda outlet that the State Department has characterized in a report as being βdeeply enmeshedβ in Russiaβs disinformation ecosystem. As that report notes, Global Research has published several βauthorsβ that Meta has identified as false personas operated by the GRU. The vast majority of Leiroz-authored opinion pieces on globalresearch.ca were republished from infobrics.org. This is true of Leirozβs earliest contributions to Global Research, which occurred in early 2020 at the same time that he began contributing to InfoBRICS.
Leirozβs byline at infobrics.org identifies him as a researcher at the Center for Geostrategic Studies, a Serbian βthink tankβ. Founded in 2014 by its current Director-General Dragana Trifkovic, the organization rather vaguely describes itself on its website as a non-profit association established βin order to achieve goals in the field of research of geostrategic relations.β The English version of the website additionally informs us that the CGS is one of the founders of the Eurasian Forum of Journalists as well as the German Center for Eurasian Studies, which was tied to far-right German publisher Manuel Ochsenreiter (see From Eurasia with Hate for more about Ochsenreiter).
On the Centerβs βAbout Usβ page we are informed that among its strategic partners are various pro-Russian propaganda and extremist outlets, including globalresearch.ca, zuerst.de, and geopolitika.rs. A final observation regarding the CGS is that in March 2020 it signed a cooperation agreement with Coordinating Council of the Non-Governmental/Commercial organizations of Russia. An English translation of the opening paragraph of this document is provided in the image below.
Trifkovicβs LinkedIn page provides a fairly detailed overview of her career in the fields of journalism and international relations. In addition to working for a number of Russian publications, beginning in 2014 she was an βAssociateβ at ZUERST!, the German far-right publication where the late Ocshenreiter worked as Editor-in-Chief. According to a recent OCCRP investigation Ochsenreiter used his position at ZUERST! as well as his connections to AfD politicians to further the objectives of a Russian influence campaign that sought to bolster support within Europe for Russiaβs 2014 annexation of Crimea. Her LinkedIn resume also lists the Center for Eurasian Security as an organization that she founded in 2015. Alongside the Eurasian Forum of Journalists and the German Center for Eurasian Studies, this makes for three explicitly Eurasianist organizations that she has founded. We will again note that she was one of the speakers at the Global Conference on Multipolarity
As we have seen, Nova ResistΓͺncia looms large within international Duginism. What should not be missed, however, is that Nova ResistΓͺncia is a budding international network unto itself, having established sections in both Europe and North America. Founded in 2014, Nova Resistenza Evropaβthe name of the NR section as provided on nritalia.orgβcharacterizes itself as serving as the coordination hub for the activities and ideological line of the various NR sections within Europe. Among the partners listed on NR Evropaβs website are the Strategic Culture Foundation, Katehon, Geopolitika, and Idee e Azione. The Strategic Culture Foundation has known ties to Russian intelligence and the Malofeyev-founded Katehon counts former SVR Lieutenant-General Leonid Reshetnikov among its board members.
A defining feature of NR Evropaβsβand the wider NR networkβsβideological line (as set forth on this websiteβs About Us section) is a synthesis between 20th century anti-imperialist leftism with a fascistic contempt for the supposed physical and moral decadence of the modern world. We would do well to remember that a core objective of Kremlin political warfare abroad is to forge coalitions between the extremes as a means of degrading and ultimately demolishing the Western liberal mainstream. This is an explicit objective of Duginist βFourth Political Theory,β which surely accounts for the potential that the Kremlin sees in it.
In passing we will take note of the March 25, 2023 Twitter post below from Lucas Leirozβs wife Caterina Leiroz, who is also a leading member of Nova ResistΓͺncia Brasil. In it, she openly brags about NRβs status as the only organization within Brazil that has sent members to fight on Russiaβs behalf in the Donbas in 2014. This is obviously striking, as it reveals that NRβs support for Russian geopolitical objectives extends from the political/ideological to the military domain. Perhaps we will explore this in greater depth in a future post.
The below graphic provides us with a more granular look into the network surrounding NR Brasil. The network map is pulled from the same data set as the larger TG forwards map contained above, but filters out every edge that doesnβt involve novaresistenciabrasil. Beyond revealing various nodes within the world of Latin American Duginism, it shows that the greatest amplifier of NR within the core Duginist TG network is Robert Steuckers, a Belgian far-right intellectual who played a formative role within GRECE in the early days of the European New Right. This further points to there being strong trans-Atlantic currents within the global Duginist New Right.
In the below charts we can see how extensive NRβs presence on social media is. Among the top social media links found within the novaresistenciabrasil channel are other NR accounts on other social media platforms, including Twitter, YouTube, and Facebook. This speaks to NRβs emphasisβfound within its manifestosβon leveraging emerging technologies to further its political-ideological agenda. This apparently easy coexistence between a hatred of the world that modernism has created with an eagerness to adopt modern technologies is a defining feature of the organization.
Idee e Azione
Idee e Azione is without a doubt the most prominent node of the Dugintern within Western Europe, appearing among the most linked-to and forwarded entities within the Dugin_Aleksandr TG channel. The About Us section of its website states that it is the βnew editorial reality of the Italian Organic Communities of Destinyβ and declares that it acts βin unity of purpose with the International Eurasian Movement.β It characterizes that purpose as transforming βThought into Actionβ intended to usher in a new post-liberal global era.
The ComunitΓ Organiche di Destino italiane is an umbrella grouping of various far-right and Duginist organizations within Italy. Its April 2021 manifesto provides a fairly clear articulation of its ideological orientation and objectives, which center on facilitating an eschatological passage βbetween the Old and the New Era.β It features strong currents of conspiracism, which manifest in its rejection of βFreemasnory of every order and degreeβ and its understanding of the world within the conspiratorial framework of the βGreat Reset.β In its commitment to refounding the state through the βpurest and most noble values that we derive from Traditionβ it declares βunity of intentβ with the International Eurasian Movement.
The above image taken from its manifesto contains the signatures of representatives from various constituent organizations of the ComunitΓ , and evinces the status of Lorenzo Maria Pacini as the face of Idee e Azione. His biography on Idee e Azioneβs website humbly identifies him as a Tuscan βof noble familyβ and traces the trajectory of his academic studies and journalistic activities. Today, he works as a professor of political philosophy at the UniDolomiti of Belluno, where he teaches what is claimed to be the worldβs first course on Fourth Political Theory. Additionally, his Facebook page identifies him as a contributor to geopolitica.ru as a well as a curator of the Italian edition of Duginβs Politica Aeterna. With a resume demonstrating such an energetic commitment to furthering the program of his intellectual idol, it is perhaps no surprise that he was one of the speakers at the World Conference on Multipolarity.
The New Rightβs commitment to metapoliticsβto shifting the Overton window of political thought over the long term via cultural and intellectual engagement rather than through electoral politicsβis on strong display through the activities of the ComunitΓ Organiche di Destino. We may take the activities of la Terra dei Padri as an example. Though it did endorse the far-right Lega Nord candidate during the 2018 mayoral elections in Modena, its activities have mainly revolved around cultural events, roundtable discussions, Duginist publishing initiatives, and street organizing against NATO and Italyβs support for Ukraine. In the latter regard it has recently worked in close collaboration with the Coordinamento Modense Contro la Guerra, which it played a key role in organizing alongside the Associazione Russia-Emilia-Romagna.
The below graphs provide us with a glimpse into the online media environment occupied by Idee e Azione and the larger ComunitΓ Organiche di Destino grouping. In the network map below we can see that the two channels that amplify Idee e Azione the most through TG forwards are steuckers and geopolitika_it. Alongside steuckersβ energetic amplification of novaresistenciabrasil, its presence among the top amplifiers of Idee e Azione demonstrates Steuckersβ role as a whole-of-network amplifier, which serves to reinforce the Dugintern as a unified and coherent ideological movement. The presence of geopoltika_it among ideeazioneβs top amplifiers evinces the integration of Idee e Azione within the larger Duginist/Russian online propaganda network.
In passing we will note the predominance of the website and channels of Il Pensiero Forte among the most linked-link websites/channels in Idee e Azionβs TG channel. According to Paciniβs biography on the About Us section of ideeazione.com, this online publication is where he whet his journalistic teeth as Chief Editor before going on to found Idee e Azione in 2021. It promotes all of the themes that are at the core of Duginist and wider Russian propaganda, including the rise of multipolarity, the decadence and imminent demise of the βEuro-Atlantist Empireβ, a preoccupation with βglobalismβ, and a disdain for the European Union.
The Suworow Institute
Owing to a host of historical and cultural factorsβincluding historically viewing itself as being neither of the East nor of the WestβAustria has for decades been a regional hub for Soviet and then Russian intelligence activities. In recent years the targets of many such activities have been Euroskeptic and far-right movements and organizations. The warmth towards Russia within such corners of the Austrian political and policy elite (e.g., the Freedom Party, or FPΓ) has led to some embarrassing incidents for the Austrian government in recent years, including the Ibiza scandal and ex-Foreign Minister Karin Kneisslβs position on Rosneftβs board of directors (she stepped down in 2022).
Enter the Suworow Institute, an organization squarely situated within the Russophilic wing of the Austrian New Right. Founded in 2014 (like the Center for Geostrategic Studies), the Institute describes its mission as advocating for βpeace with Russia in a multipolar worldβ and has been a locus of networking at the intersection of the far-right and Russophilic βRusslandversteherβ in Austria. Towards this end it has engaged in efforts ranging from the metapolitical to the more-than-metapolitical. In this regard its activities bear a resemblance to those of NR, which has also focused on building ties to established political parties. In 2016 the Suworow Institut was shrouded in controversy after reporting from Der Standard revealed that Sputnik correspondent Igor Belov was serving as its Chairman. Both RT Deutsch and Sputnik have repeatedly featured Suworow leadership as βexpertsβ in their news coverage.
Prior to serving as the General Secretary of the Institute, Markovics in 2012 co-founded IdentitΓ€re Bewegung Γsterreich (IBΓ), the Austrian branch of the pan-European Identitarian Movement. Characterized by a penchant for provocation and controversial publicity stunts, it has reportedly been monitored by German and Austrian law enforcement agencies. After serving as Chief Editor of the IBΓβs blog, Markovics parted ways with the organization in 2017 owing to what he saw as its βsectarian climate.β After this he seems to have pivoted to directing the lionβs share of his energies towards Duginist and pro-Russian advocacy. For his efforts, he received an award from Putin in 2018 after participating in the 19th World Festival of Youth and Students in Sochi.
Approximately a year after receiving this high-level recognition from the Kremlin, Markovics assumed the role of General Secretary of the Suworow Institute. The Instituteβs website, however, makes it clear that Markovicsβ involvement in the Institute stretches back to at least 2017, when he attended the 19th World Festival of Youth as its Media Officer. In his work at the Institute he participated in a range of activities including organizing various symposiaβincluding at least one involving Duginβ, pro-Ukrainian separatist street demonstrations, and Russian cultural events.
In this capacity he worked alongside then-spokesman Patrick Poppel, a Russophilic right-wing extremist who had worked to legitimize Russian geopolitical maneuvers from Abkhazia and South Ossetia to Crimea as an βelection observer.β From an in-depth review of the Instituteβs social media activity, it would seem that Poppel served as the face of the Institute from its founding until his departure in 2019.
During this time, he met with a number of current and former high-ranking Russian and Russian proxy officials as well as Orthodox clergy in his capacity as an Institute representative. These include: former SVR Lieutenant-General Leonid Reshetnikov, DPR president Denis Pushilin, and LPR Deputy Foreign Minister Anna Sorkova. In addition, he had frequent contact with AfD politicians (e.g., Gunnar Norbert Lindemann) and presented an award then Deputy Mayor of Vienna and FPΓ insider Johann Gudenus. It should be noted that Gudenus was reportedly among those present at the infamous 2014 meeting in Vienna organized by Dugin/Malofeyev that brought together leading members of the European far-right and was a central figure in the Ibiza scandal.
Since leaving the Suworow Institute, Poppelβs service to Russiaβs expansionist geopolitical objectives hasnβt abated. He has had frequent contact with Dragana Trifkovic, participating in a March 2023 roundtable conference with her and appearing in numerous photos with her posted on his Facebook page. Indeed, a brochure for this conferenceβat which ex-Foreign Minister Kneissl was presentβidentifies Poppel as an Expert at the Center for Geostrategic Studies, the βthink tankβ founded by Trifkovic.
Evidence from his Facebook page would seem to strongly suggest that he was present at the inaugural congress of the International Movement of Russophiles. This evidence includes selfies with Sergei Lavrov, Steven Seagal, and Maria Zakharova posted at around the time that the congress took place as well as an image with Malofeyev in which Malofeyevβs tie matches the tie that he is wearing in photos that are known to have taken place at the congress.
Beyond jetting back and forth between Vienna and Moscow to take selfies with Russian diplomats and a faded Hollywood action star, Poppel has earned the distinction of being recognized as a representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of South Ossetia, a breakway region that declared independence from Georgia after Russiaβs 2008 invasion of that country. This gives him diplomatic standing with all ofβ*checks notes*β5 nations, including Russia and Syria. A recent initiative of Poppelβs is the Leaving the American Sector Project, which poses as a βthink tankβ aiming to expose American influence throughout the world. As part of this effort Poppel has posted a number of photos with Trifkovic in which they hold cards displaying the words βYou are leaving the American sector.β The LTAS Project has been promoted by Trifkovic on her personal Facebook page.
It will come as no surprise that the Suworow Institutβs linking and forwarding activity within its Telegram channel firmly situate it within Russiaβs online propaganda and disinformation ecosystem. This network includes TG channels offering updates on the ongoing war in Ukraine with a decidedly Russian slant, far-right German-language publication Deutsche Stimme (where Markovics works as an editor), and various Duginist outlets.
Among the most-forwarded TG channels and linked-to social media pages is the TG channel NewResistance. It is operated by Xoaquin Flores, who works as a geopolitical analyst for the SVR-affiliated Strategic Culture Foundation, which the US Department of the Treasury has sanctioned for interference in the 2020 US presidential election.
Conclusion
In the interest of keeping this post at a manageable length (though perhaps that ship has sailed), we have confined our review of the Dugintern to a few of its key nodes. Though a much fuller analysis would have included figures such as Youssef Hindi and Belgian New Right pioneer Robert Steuckers, we have managed to highlight a number of important threads relating to the Duginternβs goals, ideology, and organizational patterns. We have seen, for example, that figures such as Dragana Trifkovic and the late Manuel Ochsenreiter have served as fibers of the Dugintern, uniting various loci of New Right activism under the header of Eurasianism. In the case of Trifkovic, these loci include both the Brazilian Nova ResistΓͺncia and Patrick Poppel, a key figure within the Russophilic wing of the Austrian New Right.
Additionally, we have reviewed ample evidence demonstrating that the Russian government through its Ministry of Foreign Affairs has invested political capital in standing up the International Movement of Russophiles, which is intended to serve as a networking platform for anti-liberal Russophiles within the West. As we have noted, shortly after its founding both Zakharova and Lavrov participated in the Global Conference on Multipolarity, the Duginternβs flagship event that was co-organized by the IMR.
Though the evidence reviewed here is insufficient to demonstrate that the Dugintern operates at the behest of the Kremlin, it is clear that the Kremlin values the inroads that it has made into the New Right under the banners of multipolarism and anti-Americanism. It is fair to suspect that the reinforcement of such inroads is part of the Kremlinβs strategy to counter the international isolation that it faces as a result of its ongoing war in Ukraine, notwithstanding its anti-Nazi rhetoric.